Providing the result of long-term stability tests within a few weeks or even days

Having already investigated more than 1.000 different amorphous solid dispersions we could proof that a correct prediction of the long-term stability at any temperature and humidity is possible.

Publications:

Prudic, Y. Ji, G. Sadowski, Phase behavior of API/polymer solid dispersions. Molecular Pharmaceutics 11 (2014) 2294-2304, DOI: 10.1021/mp400729x

Prudic, T. Kleetz, M. Korf, Y. Ji, G. Sadowski, Thermodynamic phase behavior of API/copolymer solid dispersions, Molecular Pharmaceutics 11 (2014) 4189-98, DOI:10.1021/mp500412d 

A. Prudic, A.-K. Lesniak, Y. Ji, G. Sadowski, Thermodynamic phase behavior of indomethacin/ PLGA formulations, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 93 (2015) 88-94, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.029

A. Prudic, Y. Ji, C. Luebbert, G. Sadowski, Influence of humidity on the phase behavior of API/polymer formulations, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 94 (2015) 352-362, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.009 

K. Lehmkemper, S. Kyeremateng, O. Heinzerling, M. Degenhardt, G. Sadowski, Long-term physical stability of PVP- and PVPVA-amorphous solid dispersions, Molecular Pharmaceutics 14 (2017) 157-171, DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00763

C. Luebbert, F. Huxoll, G. Sadowski, Amorphous-amorphous phase separation in API/polymer formulations, Molecules 22 (2017) 296, DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020296

C. Luebbert, G.Sadowski, Moisture-induced phase separation and recrystallization in amorphous solid dispersions, International Journal of Pharmaceutics 532 (2017) 635-646, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.121

K. Lehmkemper, S. Kyeremateng, O. Heinzerling, M. Degenhardt, G. Sadowski, Impact of polymer type and relative humidity on the long-term physical stability of amorphous solid dispersions, Molecular Pharmaceutics 14 (2017) 4374-4386, DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00492

K. Lehmkemper, S. O. Kyeremateng, M. Degenhardt, G. Sadowski, Influence of Low-Molecular-Weight Excipients on the Phase Behavior of PVPVA64 Amorphous Solid Dispersions, Pharmaceutical Research 35 (2018) 25, DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2316-y

C. Luebbert, C. Klanke, G. Sadowski, Investigating phase separation in amorphous solid dispersions via Raman mapping, International Journal of Pharmaceutics 535 (2018) 245-252, DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.014

C.Luebbert, M. Wessner, G. Sadowski, Mutual impact of phase separation/crystallization and water sorption in amorphous solid dispersions, Molecular Pharmaceutics 15 (2018) 669-678, DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b01076

K. Lehmkemper, S. O. Kyeremateng, M. Bartels, M. Degenhardt, G. Sadowski, Physical Stability of API/Polymer-Blend Amorphous Solid Dispersions, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 124 (2018) 147-157, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.12.002

C. Luebbert, G. Sadowski, In-situ determination of crystallization kinetics in ASDs via water sorption experiments, Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 127 (2018) 183-193, DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.02.028

Wolbert, Friederike; Stecker, Joel; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2020): Viscosity of ASDs at humid conditions. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 154, 387–396. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.07.024.

Luebbert, Christian; Stoyanov, Edmont; Sadowski, Gabriele (2021): Phase behavior of ASDs based on hydroxypropyl cellulose. Int. J. Pharm. X 3, S. 100070. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100070.

Wolbert, Friederike; Nikoleit, Klaudia; Steinbrink, Miklas; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2022): The Shelf Life of ASDs: 1. Measuring the Crystallization Kinetics at Humid Conditions. Mol. Pharm. 19 (7), S. 2483–2494. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00188.

Wolbert, Friederike; Fahrig, Ineke-Katharina; Gottschalk, Tobias; Luebbert, Christian; Thommes, Markus; Sadowski, Gabriele (2022): Factors Influencing the Crystallization-Onset Time of Metastable ASDs. Pharmaceutics 14 (2), S. 269. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020269.

Luebbert, Christian; Stoyanov, Edmont (2023): Tailored ASD destabilization – Balancing shelf life stability and dissolution performance with hydroxypropyl cellulose. International journal of pharmaceutics: X 5, S. 100187. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100187.

Predicting the solubility of amorphous and polymorphic forms

Based on few solubility measurements of the crystalline active in pure solvent(s), we are able to predict the solubility of different polymorphs and even of the amorphous form in solvents and solvent mixtures, as well as in water/solvent mixtures and also as function of pH. 

Publications:

K. Kiesow, F. Tumakaka, G. Sadowski, Experimental Investigation and Prediction of Oiling Out During Crystallization Processes, J. Cryst. Growth 310 (2008) 4163 – 4168

F. Ruether, G. Sadowski, Modeling the solubility of pharmaceuticals in pure solvents and solvent mixtures for drug process design. J. Pharmaceutical Sci. 98 (2009) 4205 – 4215

J. Cassens, F. Ruether, K. Leonhard, G. Sadowski, Solubility Calculation of Pharmaceutical Compounds using Quantum-Chemical Methods, Fluid Phase Equilibria 299 (2010) 161-170, DOI:10.1016/j.fluid.2010.09.025

J. Cassens, A. Prudic, F. Ruether, G. Sadowski, Solubility of pharmaceuticals and their salts as function of pH. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52 (2013) 2721-2731, DOI: 10.1021/ie302064h

F. S. Laube, G. Sadowski, Predicting the extraction behavior of pharmaceuticals, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 (2014) 865 – 870, DOI: 10.1021/ie403284y

F. S. Laube, T. Klein, G. Sadowski, Partition coefficients of pharmaceuticals as functions of temperature and pH. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54 (2015) 3968-3975, DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b00068

R. Paus; E. Hart; Y. Ji, G. Sadowski, Solubility and Caloric Properties of Cinnarizine, J. Chem. Eng. Data 60 (2015) 2256-2261, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.5b00075

R. Paus, Y. Ji, L. Vahle, G. Sadowski, Predicting the solubility advantage of amorphous pharmaceuticals – a novel thermodynamic approach, Molecular Pharmaceutics 12 (2015) 2823-2833, DOI: 10.1021/mp500824d

Analyzing the dissolution behavior of your active ingredient or formulation

Via thermodynamic modeling of a few dissolution experiments we analyse the dissolution behavior of active ingredients and formulations and propose possibilities to influence the dissolution kinetics. 

Publications:

Dohrn, Stefanie; Kyeremateng, Samuel O.; Bochmann, Esther; Sobich, Ekaterina; Wahl, Andrea; Liepold, Bernd et al. (2023): Thermodynamic Modeling of the Amorphous Solid Dispersion-Water Interfacial Layer and Its Impact on the Release Mechanism.  Pharmaceutics 15 (5), 1539. DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051539.

Schneider, Raj; Taspinar, Lütfi; Ji, Yuanhui; Sadowski, Gabriele (2020): The influence of polymeric excipients on desupersaturation profiles of active pharmaceutical ingredients. 1: Polyethylene glycol.  International Journal of Pharmaceutics 582, 119317. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119317.

Schneider, Raj; Kerkhoff, Jana; Danzer, Andreas; Mattusch, Amelie; Ohmann, Andrijan; Thommes, Markus; Sadowski, Gabriele (2020): The interplay of dissolution, solution crystallization and solid-state transformation of amorphous indomethacin in aqueous solution. International journal of pharmaceutics: X 2, 100063. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2020.100063.

Y. Ji, M. Lemberg, A. Prudic, R. Paus, G. Sadowski, Modeling and Analysis of Dissolution of paracetamol/Eudragit® formulations, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 121 (2017) 22-31, DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.03.007

Y. Ji, A.K. Lesniak, A. Prudic, R. Paus, G. Sadowski, Drug release kinetics and mechanism from PLGA formulations, AIChE J. 62 (2016) 4055-4065, DOI: 10.1002/aic.15282

R. Paus, Y. Ji, G. Sadowski, Dissolution of crystalline pharmaceuticals – experimental investigation and thermodynamic modeling, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54 (2015) 731-742, DOI: 10.1021/ie503939w

Y. Ji, R. Paus, A. Prudic, C. Luebbert, G. Sadowski, A novel approach for analyzing the dissolution mechanism of solid dispersions, Pharmaceutical Research 32 (2015) 2559-2578, DOI: 10.1007/s11095-015-1644-z

Choosing the right process conditions for ASD preparation

Whenever a solvent is used for ASD preparation, the quality of the resuling ASD might be significantly influenced by the choice of the solvent. Process conditions havely determine the formation of solvates, hydrates or polymorphs. We find feasible production process windows for crystallization, spray drying, hot-melt extrusion and drying processes. 

Publications:

C. Luebbert, D. Real, G. Sadowski, Choosing Appropriate Solvents for ASD Preparation, Molecular Pharmaceutics 15(11) (2018) 5397-5408, DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00892

Dohrn, S., Luebbert, C., Lehmkemper, K., Kyeremateng, S.O. Degenhardt, M., Sadowski (2020): Phase behavior of pharmaceutically relevant polymer/solvent mixtures. Int. J. Pharm. 577, 119065. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119065.

Dohrn, Stefanie; Rawal, Pranay; Luebbert, Christian; Lehmkemper, Kristin; Kyeremateng, Samuel O.; Degenhardt, Matthias; Sadowski, Gabriele (2021): Predicting process design spaces for spray drying amorphous solid dispersions. In: International journal of pharmaceutics: X 3, 100072. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2021.100072.

Dohrn, Stefanie; Luebbert, Christian; Lehmkemper, Kristin; Kyeremateng, Samuel O.; Degenhardt, Matthias; Sadowski, Gabriele (2021): Solvent mixtures in pharmaceutical development: Maximizing the API solubility and avoiding phase separation. In: Fluid Phase Equilibria 548, 113200. DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2021.113200.

Dohrn, Stefanie; Luebbert, Christian; Lehmkemper, Kristin; Kyeremateng, Samuel O.; Degenhardt, Matthias; Sadowski, Gabriele (2021): Solvent influence on the phase behavior and glass transition of ASDs. In: Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. (158), 132–142. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.002.

Bueno, Alberto; Luebbert, Christian; Enders, Sabine; Sadowski, Gabriele; Smirnova, Irina (2021): Production of polylactic acid aerogels via phase separation and supercritical CO2 drying: thermodynamic analysis of the gelation and drying process. In: J Mater Sci 56 (34), 18926–18945. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-021-06501-0.

Generating and stabilizing the targeted solid form of your active ingredient  

We are able to predict the solubility of cocrystals in different solvents and solvent mixtures providing the best conditions for cocrystal preparation. We predict conditions at which hydrates or solvates of your active ingredient are ultimately formed or can be avoided.

Publications:

L. Lange, G. Sadowski, Thermodynamic modeling for efficient cocrystal formation, Crystal Growth & Design 15 (2015) 4406-4416, DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.5b00735

L. Lange, G. Sadowski, Polymorphs, hydrates, cocrystals and cocrystal hydrates: thermodynamic modeling of theophylline systems, Crystal Growth & Design 16 (2016) 4439-4449, DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00554

L. Lange, K. Lehmkemper, G. Sadowski Predicting the aqueous solubility of pharmaceutical cocrystals as function of pH and temperature, Crystal Growth & Design 16 (2016) 2726-2740, DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00024

L. Lange, S. Heisel, G. Sadowski,Predicting the solubility of pharmaceutical cocrystals in solvent/anti-solvent mixtures, Molecules 21 (2016) 593, DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050593

L. Lange, M. Schleinitz. G. Sadowski, Predicting the Effect of pH on Stability and Solubility of Polymorphs, Hydrates, and Cocrystals, Crystal Growth & Design 16 (2016) 4236-4147, DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.6b00664

H. Veith, M. Schleinitz, C. Schauerte, G. Sadowski, Thermodynamic approach for co-crystal screening, Crystal Growth and Design 19, 6 (2019), 3253-3264, DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b00103

Veith, Heiner; Wiechert, Felix; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2020): Combining crystalline and polymeric excipients in API solid dispersions – opportunity or risk? Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.11.025.

Veith, Heiner; Turan, Erol; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2020): Hydrate formation in polymer-based pharmaceutical formulations. Fluid Phase Equilibria 521, 112677. DOI: 10.1016/j.fluid.2020.112677.

Veith, Heiner; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2020): Correctly Measuring and Predicting Solubilities of Solvates, Hydrates, and Polymorphs. Crystal Growth & Design 20 (2), 723–735. DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.9b01145.

Veith, Heiner; Zaeh, Maximilian; Luebbert, Christian; Rodríguez-Hornedo, Naír; Sadowski, Gabriele (2021): Stability of Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals at Humid Conditions Can Be Predicted. Pharmaceutics 13 (3). DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030433.

Veith, Heiner; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2021): Predicting Deliquescence Relative Humidities of Crystals and Crystal Mixtures. Molecules 26 (11). DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113176.

Brinkmann, Joscha; Becker, Isabel; Kroll, Peter; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2021): Predicting the API partitioning between lipid-based drug delivery systems and water. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 595, 120266. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120266.

Brinkmann, Joscha; Exner, Lara; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2020): In-Silico Screening of Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems. Pharm Res 37 (12). DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02955-0.

Brinkmann, Joscha; Rest, Frauke; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2020): Solubility of Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Natural Edible Oils. Molecular pharmaceutics 17 (7), 2499–2507. DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00215.

Brinkmann, Joscha; Huxoll, Fabian; Luebbert, Christian; Sadowski, Gabriele (2019): Solubility of pharmaceutical ingredients in triglycerides. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 145, 113–120. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.10.012.

Brinkmann, Joscha; Luebbert, Christian; Zaitsau, Dzmitry H.; Verevkin, Sergey P.; Sadowski, Gabriele (2019): Thermodynamic Modeling of Triglycerides using PC-SAFT. J. Chem. Eng. Data 64 (4), 1446–1453. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jced.8b01046.